A Strategic Model for Institutionalizing Data Ethics and Legal Compliance in Health Networks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRCEKeywords:
Data ethics, legal compliance, health networks, data governance, health informatics, regulatory frameworkAbstract
As health networks increasingly rely on data-driven operations, the ethical and legal challenges surrounding patient data governance have intensified. This paper presents a strategic model designed to institutionalize data ethics and legal compliance within complex healthcare ecosystems. Drawing upon interdisciplinary frameworks from data governance, bioethics, legal informatics, and health information management, the model addresses the need for transparent data practices, equitable decision-making, and robust regulatory adherence. The proposed framework incorporates five critical pillars: ethical data stewardship, regulatory alignment, organizational accountability, technological safeguards, and continuous education. Through an extensive literature review and case study analysis of health systems in multiple jurisdictions, the model demonstrates practical pathways for embedding ethical and legal principles into data workflows, risk management protocols, and leadership strategies. The model was validated using a Delphi panel of 35 healthcare compliance professionals and informatics experts, followed by pilot implementations in two large hospital networks. Results indicated a significant improvement in regulatory audit readiness, reduction in ethical breaches, and enhanced stakeholder trust. This study offers actionable insights for health administrators, policymakers, and technology vendors seeking to institutionalize responsible data practices in an increasingly digitized healthcare environment.
Downloads
References
B. O. Tomoh et al., “Leadership in Healthcare: Building High-Performing Teams and Cultivating a Culture of Continuous Improvement,” 2024, [Online]. Available: https://www.multidisciplinaryfrontiers.com/uploads/archives/20250319120923_FMR-2025-1-013.1.pdf
J. Zhang and Z. Zhang, “Ethics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence,” BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 7, 2023.
B. O. Tomoh et al., “Innovative Programs for Community Health: A Model for Addressing Healthcare Needs Through Collaborative Relationships,” Community Health (Bristol), vol. 42, p. 17, 2024.
W. A. Yasnoff et al., “A national agenda for public health informatics,” Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, vol. 7, no. 6. LWW, pp. 1–21, 2001. [Online]. Available: https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/abstract/2001/07060/A_National_Agenda_for_Public_Health_Informatics.2.aspx?bid=AMCampaignWKHJ
B. O. TOMOH, A. Y. MUSTAPHA, A. OBIANUJU, T. O. K. MBATA, A. Y. FORKUO, and M. C. KELVIN-AGWU, “Evaluating Health System Resilience: Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Pandemic Response Strategies,” 2024, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adelaide-Forkuo/publication/390193226_Evaluating_Health_System_Resilience_Lessons_Learned_from_COVID-19_Pandemic_Response_Strategies/links/67e3d027fe0f5a760f914624/Evaluating-Health-System-Resilience-Lessons-Learned-from-COVID-19-Pandemic-Response-Strategies.pdf
A. K. Y. Yanamala and S. Suryadevara, “Advances in data protection and artificial intelligence: Trends and challenges,” Int. J. Adv. Eng. Technol. Innov., vol. 1, no. 01, pp. 294–319, 2023.
B. O. Tomoh, A. Y. Mustapha, A. O. Mbata, M. C. Kelvin-Agwu, A. Y. Forkuo, and T. O. Kolawole, “Assessing the impact of telehealth interventions on rural healthcare accessibility: a quantitative study”.
A. C. Yallop, O. A. Gică, O. I. Moisescu, M. M. Coroș, and H. Séraphin, “The digital traveller: implications for data ethics and data governance in tourism and hospitality,” J. Consum. Mark., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 155–170, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1108/JCM-12-2020-4278.
O. S. Soyege et al., “Strategic Planning in Healthcare: A Framework for Sustainable Growth and Service Excellence,” Int. J. Multidiscip. Res. Growth Eval., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 1579–1583, 2024.
V. Xafis et al., “An Ethics Framework for Big Data in Health and Research,” Asian Bioeth. Rev., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 227–254, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s41649-019-00099-x.
O. S. Soyege et al., “Public Health Crisis Management and Emergency Preparedness: Strengthening Healthcare Infrastructure against Pandemics and Bioterrorism Threats,” J. Front. Multidiscip. Res., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 52–68, 2024, doi: 10.54660/.IJFMR.2024.5.2.52-68.
V. Wylde et al., “Cybersecurity, Data Privacy and Blockchain: A Review,” SN Comput. Sci., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 127, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s42979-022-01020-4.
O. S. Soyege et al., “Comprehensive review of healthcare innovations in enhancing patient outcomes through advanced pharmacy practices,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 425–437, 2024.
J. S. Winter and E. Davidson, “Big data governance of personal health information and challenges to contextual integrity,” Inf. Soc., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 36–51, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1080/01972243.2018.1542648.
O. S. Soyege et al., “Health informatics in developing countries: Challenges and opportunities”.
J. S. Winter and E. Davidson, “Governance of artificial intelligence and personal health information,” Digit. Policy Regul. Gov., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 280–290, 2019.
O. S. Soyege et al., “Evaluating the impact of health informatics on patient care and outcomes: A detailed review”.
S. M. Williamson and V. Prybutok, “Balancing privacy and progress: a review of privacy challenges, systemic oversight, and patient perceptions in AI-driven healthcare,” Appl. Sci., vol. 14, no. 2, p. 675, 2024.
O. S. Soyege et al., “Concept paper: Strategic healthcare administration and cost excellence for underserved communities (SHACE-UC)”.
A. Vlahou et al., “Data Sharing Under the General Data Protection Regulation: Time to Harmonize Law and Research Ethics?,” Hypertension, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 1029–1035, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16340.
O. S. Soyege et al., “Big data analytics and artificial intelligence in healthcare: Revolutionizing patient care and clinical outcomes,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Technol., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1048–1060, 2024.
S. Viljoen, “A relational theory of data governance,” Yale Law J., pp. 573–654, 2021.
K. Seun Adeyemo, A. Obianuju Mbata, and O. Destiny Balogun, “Pharmaceutical Waste Management and Reverse Logistics in the U.S. Enhancing Sustainability and Reducing Public Health Risks,” Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. Stud., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1720–1729, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.62225/2583049X.2024.4.6.4102.
E. Vayena, M. Salathé, L. C. Madoff, and J. S. Brownstein, “Ethical challenges of big data in public health,” PLoS computational biology, vol. 11, no. 2. Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA, p. e1003904, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003904
G. O. Osho, D. Bihani, A. I. Daraojimba, J. O. Omisola, C. Ubamadu, and E. A. Etukudoh, “Building Scalable Blockchain Applications: A Framework for Leveraging Solidity and AWS Lambda in Real-World Asset Tokenization”.
E. Vayena, T. Haeusermann, A. Adjekum, and A. Blasimme, “Digital health: meeting the ethical and policy challenges,” Swiss Med. Wkly., vol. 148, p. w14571, 2018.
D. Osamika, A. Y. Forkuo, A. Y. Mustapha, E. C. Chianumba, and L. S. Komi, “Advances in Public-Private Partnerships for Expanding Telehealth Services to Medicaid and Uninsured Populations in the US,” 2025, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ernest-Chianumba/publication/391594657_Advances_in_Public-Private_Partnerships_for_Expanding_Telehealth_Services_to_Medicaid_and_Uninsured_Populations_in_the_US/links/681dcf24bd3f1930dd6e7592/Advances-in-Public-Private-Partnerships-for-Expanding-Telehealth-Services-to-Medicaid-and-Uninsured-Populations-in-the-US.pdf
T. van den Broek and A. F. van Veenstra, “Governance of big data collaborations: How to balance regulatory compliance and disruptive innovation,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 129, pp. 330–338, 2018.
D. Osamika, B. S. Adelusi, M. C. Kelvin-Agwu, A. Y. Mustapha, and N. Ikhalea, “International Journal of Management and Organizational Research,” 2024, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anfo-Pub-2/publication/392016065_A_Predictive_Analytics_Framework_for_Early_Detection_and_Management_of_Cancer_Using_Multi-Source_Health_Data/links/683076eb8a76251f22e601d6/A-Predictive-Analytics-Framework-for-Early-Detection-and-Management-of-Cancer-Using-Multi-Source-Health-Data.pdf
M. H. Stanfill and D. T. Marc, “Health Information Management: Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare Data and Information Management,” Yearb. Med. Inform., vol. 28, no. 01, pp. 056–064, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1677913.
D. Osamika, B. S. Adelusi, M. C. Kelvin-Agwu, A. Y. Mustapha, A. Y. Forkuo, and N. Ikhalea, “A Comprehensive Review of Predictive Analytics Applications in US Healthcare: Trends, Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities”.
R. F. Smallwood, Information governance: Concepts, strategies and best practices. John Wiley & Sons, 2019.
D. Osamika, B. S. Adelusi, M. T. C. Kelvin-Agwu, A. Y. Mustapha, A. Y. Forkuo, and N. Ikhalea, “A Systematic Review of Security, Privacy, and Compliance Challenges in Electronic Health Records: Current Practices and Future Directions”.
A. A. Sinaci et al., “From Raw Data to FAIR Data: The FAIRification Workflow for Health Research,” Methods Inf. Med., vol. 59, no. S 01, pp. e21–e32, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1713684.
T. T. Omaghomi, O. A. Elufioye, O. Akomolafe, E. C. Anyanwu, and I. P. Odilibe, “A comprehensive review of telemedicine technologies: past, present, and future prospects,” Int. Med. Sci. Res. J., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 183–193, 2024.
A. Sheikh et al., “Health information technology and digital innovation for national learning health and care systems,” Lancet Digit. Health, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. e383–e396, 2021.
T. T. Omaghomi, O. Akomolafe, C. Onwumere, I. P. Odilibe, and O. A. Elufioye, “Patient experience and satisfaction in healthcare: a focus on managerial approaches-a review,” Int. Med. Sci. Res. J., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 194–209, 2024.
J. J. Seddon and W. L. Currie, “Cloud computing and trans-border health data: Unpacking US and EU healthcare regulation and compliance,” Health Policy Technol., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 229–241, 2013.
T. T. Omaghomi, O. Akomolafe, J. O. Ogugua, A. I. Daraojimba, and O. A. Elufioye, “Healthcare management in a post-pandemic world: lessons learned and future preparedness-a review,” Int. Med. Sci. Res. J., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 210–223, 2024.
J. Scheibner et al., “Data protection and ethics requirements for multisite research with health data: a comparative examination of legislative governance frameworks and the role of data protection technologies,” J. Law Biosci., vol. 7, no. 1, p. lsaa010, 2020.
T. T. Omaghomi, O. A. Elufioye, O. Akomolafe, E. C. Anyanwu, and A. I. Daraojimba, “Health apps and patient engagement: A review of effectiveness and user experience,” World J Adv Res Rev, vol. 21, pp. 432–440, 2024.
D. Sargiotis, “Data Security and Privacy: Protecting Sensitive Information,” in Data Governance, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, pp. 217–245. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-67268-2_6.
Olakunle Saheed Soyege1 et al., “Comprehensive Review of Healthcare Innovations in Enhancing Patient Outcomes through Advanced Pharmacy Practices.” [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adelaide-Forkuo/publication/389784414_Comprehensive_Review_of_Healthcare_Innovations_in_Enhancing_Patient_Outcomes_through_Advanced_Pharmacy_Practices/links/67d874e27d56ad0a0f05a03f/Comprehensive-Review-of-Healthcare-Innovations-in-Enhancing-Patient-Outcomes-through-Advanced-Pharmacy-Practices.pdf
A. O. Salako, J. A. Fabuyi, N. T. Aideyan, O. Selesi-Aina, D. L. Dapo-Oyewole, and O. O. Olaniyi, “Advancing information governance in AI-driven cloud ecosystem: Strategies for enhancing data security and meeting regulatory compliance,” Asian J. Res. Comput. Sci., vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 66–88, 2024.
F. C. Okolo, E. A. Etukudoh, O. Ogunwole, and G. Omotunde, “Strategic Framework for Strengthening AML Compliance Across Cross-Border Transport, Shipping, and Logistics Channels”.
V. Saini, S. G. Reddy, D. Kumar, and T. Ahmad, “Evaluating FHIR’s impact on Health Data Interoperability,” IoT Edge Comp J, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 28–63, 2021.
F. C. Okolo, E. A. Etukudoh, O. Ogunwole, and G. Omotunde, “A Conceptual Model for Enhancing Regulatory Compliance and Risk Controls in Smart Transportation Networks”.
C. Safran et al., “Toward a national framework for the secondary use of health data: an American Medical Informatics Association White Paper,” J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2007.
J. O. Ogugua, C. C. Okongwu, O. O. Akomolafe, E. C. Anyanwu, and O. D. Daraojimba, “Mental health and digital technology: a public health review of current trends and responses,” Int. Med. Sci. Res. J., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 108–125, 2024.
S. Rosenbaum, “Data Governance and Stewardship: Designing Data Stewardship Entities and Advancing Data Access,” Health Serv. Res., vol. 45, no. 5p2, pp. 1442–1455, Oct. 2010, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01140.x.
I. P. Odilibe, O. Akomolafe, J. O. Arowoogun, E. C. Anyanwu, C. Onwumere, and J. O. Ogugua, “Mental health policies: a comparative review between the USA and African nations,” Int. Med. Sci. Res. J., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 141–157, 2024.
S. Porsdam Mann, J. Savulescu, and B. J. Sahakian, “Facilitating the ethical use of health data for the benefit of society: electronic health records, consent and the duty of easy rescue,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., vol. 374, no. 2083, p. 20160130, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0130.
C. N. Nwokedi et al., “Addressing healthcare disparities: Tackling socioeconomic and racial inequities in access to medical services.”.
C. Ohmann and W. Kuchinke, “Future Developments of Medical Informatics from the Viewpoint of Networked Clinical Research: Interoperability and Integration,” Methods Inf. Med., vol. 48, no. 01, pp. 45–54, 2009, doi: 10.3414/ME9137.
C. N. Nwokedi et al., “Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) in Medicine: A review of clinical applications,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 438–449, 2024.
H. Müller, G. Dagher, M. Loibner, C. Stumptner, P. Kungl, and K. Zatloukal, “Biobanks for life sciences and personalized medicine: importance of standardization, biosafety, biosecurity, and data management,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., vol. 65, pp. 45–51, 2020.
C. N. Nwokedi et al., “Robotics in healthcare: A systematic review of robotic-assisted surgery and rehabilitation,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Technol., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1061–1074, 2024.
D. Mendelson, “Legal protections for personal health information in the age of Big Data–a proposal for regulatory framework,” Ethics Med. Public Health, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 37–55, 2017.
Nura Ikhalea 1*, , Ernest Chinonso Chianumba 2, , Ashiata Yetunde Mustapha 3, , Adelaide Yeboah Forkuo 4, , Damilola, and Osamika, “A Model for Strengthening Health Systems in Low-Resource Settings Using AI and Telemedicine.” [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ernest-Chianumba/publication/390920644_A_Model_for_Strengthening_Health_Systems_in_Low-Resource_Settings_Using_AI_and_Telemedicine/links/68025538bd3f1930dd5ffd25/A-Model-for-Strengthening-Health-Systems-in-Low-Resource-Settings-Using-AI-and-Telemedicine.pdf
T. V. Nihi, A. Y. Forkuo, O. O. Ojo, C. N. Nwokedi, and O. S. Soyege, “A REVIEW OF STOCHASTIC MODELING TECHNIQUES IN PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT,” Multidiscip. J. Eng. Technol. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, 2025, [Online]. Available: http://www.academiconlinejournals.com/index.php/MJETS/article/view/296
Z. A. Mekonnen and M. A. Chanyalew, “Leadership and Governance of Public Health Informatics,” in Public Health Informatics, K. D. Gashu, Z. A. Mekonnen, M. A. Chanyalew, and H. A. Guadie, Eds., in Sustainable Development Goals Series. , Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, pp. 185–223. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-71118-3_6.
R. Mahanti, “Data Governance and Compliance,” in Data Governance and Compliance, Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021, pp. 109–153. doi: 10.1007/978-981-33-6877-4_5.
A. I. Daraojimba, D. Bihani, G. O. Osho, J. O. Omisola, C. Ubamadu, and E. A. Etukudoh, “Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs): A Conceptual Model for Community-Owned Banking and Financial Governance”.
Damilola Osamika, Adelaide Yeboah Forkuo, Ashiata Yetunde Mustapha, Ernest Chinonso Chianumba, Leesi Saturday Komi, “Systematic Review of Global Best Practices in Multinational Public Health Program Implementation and Impact Assessment.” [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=pZekPIgAAAAJ&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=pZekPIgAAAAJ:blknAaTinKkC
E. C. Anyanwu, F. Osasona, O. O. Akomolafe, J. O. Ogugua, T. Olorunsogo, and E. R. Daraojimba, “Biomedical engineering advances: A review of innovations in healthcare and patient outcomes,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 870–882, 2024.
A. Atadoga, O. A. Elufioye, T. T. Omaghomi, O. Akomolafe, I. P. Odilibe, and O. R. Owolabi, “Blockchain in healthcare: A comprehensive review of applications and security concerns,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1605–1613, 2024.
Adelaide Yeboah Forkuo, Nura Ikhalea, Ernest Chinonso Chianumba, Ashiata Yetunde Mustapha, “Reviewing the Impact of AI in Improving Patient Outcomes through Precision Medicine.” [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=pZekPIgAAAAJ&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=pZekPIgAAAAJ:MXK_kJrjxJIC
E. Afrihyia, O. Omotayo, A. Yetunde Mustapha, O. Oluwanifemi Akomolafe, A. Yeboah Forkuo, and E. Chinonso Chianumba, “Data Analytics in U.S. Public Health Policy: A Review of Applications in Healthcare Resource Allocation and Efficiency,” Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. Stud., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 2253–2260, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.62225/2583049X.2024.4.6.4295.
K. K. Maguluri, V. Ganti, and T. N. Subhash, “Advancing Patient Privacy in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Deep Learning Approach to Ensuring Compliance with HIPAA and Addressing Ethical Challenges in Healthcare Data Security,” Int. J. Med. Toxicol. Leg. Med., vol. 27, no. 5, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://www.academia.edu/download/120656160/217_228_30.pdf
J. Ladley, Data governance: How to design, deploy, and sustain an effective data governance program. Academic Press, 2019.
Akachukwu Obianuju Mbata 1* et al., “Preventative Medicine and Chronic Disease Management: Reducing Healthcare Costs and Improving Long-Term Public Health.” [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olakunle-Soyege/publication/390694904_Preventative_Medicine_and_Chronic_Disease_Management_Reducing_Healthcare_Costs_and_Improving_Long-Term_Public_Health/links/67fb28eadf0e3f544f4102e5/Preventative-Medicine-and-Chronic-Disease-Management-Reducing-Healthcare-Costs-and-Improving-Long-Term-Public-Health.pdf
O. O. Akomolafe, A. Y. Forkuo, O. Omotayo, E. Chinonso, A. Y. Mustapha, and E. Afrihyia, “Data-Driven Approaches to Optimize Long-Term Care for Aging Populations: A Review of Predictive Analytics”.
W. Kuchinke et al., “Heterogeneity prevails: the state of clinical trial data management in Europe - results of a survey of ECRIN centres,” Trials, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 79, Dec. 2010, doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-11-79.
S. Kalkman, M. Mostert, C. Gerlinger, J. J. M. Van Delden, and G. J. M. W. Van Thiel, “Responsible data sharing in international health research: a systematic review of principles and norms,” BMC Med. Ethics, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 21, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1186/s12910-019-0359-9.
Q. E. Enahoro, J. O. Ogugua, E. C. Anyanwu, O. Akomolafe, I. P. Odilibe, and A. I. Daraojimba, “The impact of electronic health records on healthcare delivery and patient outcomes: A review,” World J. Adv. Res. Rev., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 451–460, 2024.
M. Janssen, P. Brous, E. Estevez, L. S. Barbosa, and T. Janowski, “Data governance: Organizing data for trustworthy Artificial Intelligence,” Gov. Inf. Q., vol. 37, no. 3, p. 101493, 2020.
Ernest Chinonso Chianumba, Adelaide Yeboah Forkuo, Ashiata Yetunde Mustapha, Damilola Osamika, Leesi Saturday Komi, “Advances in Preventive Care Delivery through WhatsApp, SMS, and IVR Messaging in High-Need Populations.” [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=pZekPIgAAAAJ&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=pZekPIgAAAAJ:hMod-77fHWUC
M. Ienca, A. Ferretti, S. Hurst, M. Puhan, C. Lovis, and E. Vayena, “Considerations for ethics review of big data health research: A scoping review,” PloS One, vol. 13, no. 10, p. e0204937, 2018.
Ernest Chinonso Chianumba, Nura Ikhalea, Ashiata Yetunde Mustapha, Adelaide Yeboah Forkuo, “A Conceptual Model for Using Machine Learning to Enhance Radiology Diagnostics.” [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=pZekPIgAAAAJ&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=pZekPIgAAAAJ:kNdYIx-mwKoC
G. Hripcsak et al., “Health data use, stewardship, and governance: ongoing gaps and challenges: a report from AMIA’s 2012 Health Policy Meeting,” J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 204–211, 2014.
Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Jeremiah Olawumi Arowoogun, Ifeoma Pamela Odilibe, Opeoluwa Akomolafe, Chinyere Onwumere, and Jane Osareme Ogugua, “The role of biotechnology in healthcare: A review of global trends,” World J. Adv. Res. Rev., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 2740–2752, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0382.
L. Gostin, “Health Care Information and the Protection of Personal Privacy: Ethical and Legal Considerations,” Ann. Intern. Med., vol. 127, no. 8_Part_2, pp. 683–690, Oct. 1997, doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_Part_2-199710151-00050.
B. O. T. S. V. Gbaraba, A. Y. Mustapha, A. O. Mbata, and A. Y. Forkuo, “Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy: Innovations and Challenges”.
K. D. Gashu and H. A. Guadie, “Ethics in Public Health Informatics,” in Public Health Informatics, K. D. Gashu, Z. A. Mekonnen, M. A. Chanyalew, and H. A. Guadie, Eds., in Sustainable Development Goals Series. , Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, pp. 225–262. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-71118-3_7.
A. Y. FORKUO, S. V. GBARABA, A. YETUNDE, B. O. T. MUSTAPHA, and A. O. MBATA, “Preparedness and Response: Lessons Learned from Radiological Emergencies in Healthcare Settings,” 2025, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adelaide-Forkuo/publication/389983225_Preparedness_and_Response_Lessons_Learned_from_Radiological_Emergencies_in_Healthcare_Settings/links/67dafbc735f7044c9233be8b/Preparedness-and-Response-Lessons-Learned-from-Radiological-Emergencies-in-Healthcare-Settings.pdf
A. Faridoon and M. T. Kechadi, “Healthcare Data Governance, Privacy, and Security - A Conceptual Framework,” in Body Area Networks. Smart IoT and Big Data for Intelligent Health Management, vol. 524, M. Mizmizi, M. Magarini, P. K. Upadhyay, and M. Pierobon, Eds., in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol. 524. , Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, pp. 261–271. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-72524-1_19.
S. V. Gbaraba, A. Y. Mustapha, B. O. Tomoh, A. O. Mbata, and A. Y. Forkuo, “SMART WEARABLE DEVICES FOR HEALTH MONITORING: A FOCUS ON RURAL HEALTHCARE,” Multidiscip. J. Eng. Technol. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://academiconlinejournals.com/index.php/MJETS/article/view/297
C. T. Di Iorio et al., “Assessing data protection and governance in health information systems: a novel methodology of privacy and ethics impact and performance assessment (PEIPA),” J. Med. Ethics, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. e23–e23, 2021.
Jane Osareme Ogugua, Chinyere Onwumere, Jeremiah Olawumi Arowoogun, Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Ifeoma Pamela Odilibe, and Opeoluwa Akomolafe, “Data science in public health: A review of predictive analytics for disease control in the USA and Africa,” World J. Adv. Res. Rev., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 2753–2769, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0383.
S. de Lusignan, T. Chan, A. Theadom, and N. Dhoul, “The roles of policy and professionalism in the protection of processed clinical data: a literature review,” Int. J. Med. Inf., vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 261–268, 2007.
Jeremiah Olawumi Arowoogun, Jane Osareme Ogugua, Ifeoma Pamela Odilibe, Chinyere Onwumere, Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, and Opeoluwa Akomolafe, “COVID-19 vaccine distribution: A review of strategies in Africa and the USA,” World J. Adv. Res. Rev., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 2729–2739, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0381.
R. Cushman, A. M. Froomkin, A. Cava, P. Abril, and K. W. Goodman, “Ethical, legal and social issues for personal health records and applications,” J. Biomed. Inform., vol. 43, no. 5, pp. S51–S55, 2010.
M. C. Kelvin-Agwu, M. O. Adelodun, G. T. Igwama, and E. C. Anyanwu, “The Impact of Regular Maintenance on the Longevity and Performance of Radiology Equipment,” 2024, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mojeed-Adelodun/publication/384638056_The_Impact_of_Regular_Maintenance_on_the_Longevity_and_Performance_of_Radiology_Equipment/links/6700ad91b753fa724d59657d/The-Impact-of-Regular-Maintenance-on-the-Longevity-and-Performance-of-Radiology-Equipment.pdf
I. G. Cohen, R. Amarasingham, A. Shah, B. Xie, and B. Lo, “The Legal And Ethical Concerns That Arise From Using Complex Predictive Analytics In Health Care,” Health Aff. (Millwood), vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1139–1147, Jul. 2014, doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0048.
T. O. Kolawole, A. Y. Mustapha, A. O. Mbata, B. Olamide, A. Y. F. Tomoh, and M. C. Kelvin-Agwu, “A Systematic Review of Predictive Analytics Applications in Early Disease Detection and Diagnosis,” 2025, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adelaide-Forkuo/publication/390312337_A_Systematic_Review_of_Predictive_Analytics_Applications_in_Early_Disease_Detection_and_Diagnosis/links/67e9219776d4923a1ae2f23a/A-Systematic-Review-of-Predictive-Analytics-Applications-in-Early-Disease-Detection-and-Diagnosis.pdf
L. S. Komi, A. Y. Mustapha, A. Y. Forkuo, and D. Osamika, “Community-Based Health Promotion Models for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Conceptual and Evidence-Based Review,” 2024, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leesi-Komi/publication/391471430_Community-Based_Health_Promotion_Models_for_Cardiovascular_Disease_Prevention_A_Conceptual_and_Evidence-Based_Review/links/681a4ae4bd3f1930dd6d1c50/Community-Based-Health-Promotion-Models-for-Cardiovascular-Disease-Prevention-A-Conceptual-and-Evidence-Based-Review.pdf
A. Abbas, R. Alroobaea, M. Krichen, S. Rubaiee, S. Vimal, and F. M. Almansour, “Blockchain-assisted secured data management framework for health information analysis based on Internet of Medical Things,” Pers. Ubiquitous Comput., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 59–72, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s00779-021-01583-8.
L. S. Komi, A. Y. Mustapha, A. Y. Forkuo, and D. Osamika, “Reviewing Pharmacovigilance Strategies Using Real-World Data for Drug Safety Monitoring and Management,” 2025, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leesi-Komi/publication/391109906_Reviewing_Pharmacovigilance_Strategies_Using_Real-World_Data_for_Drug_Safety_Monitoring_and_Management/links/680a907aded4331557396d6c/Reviewing-Pharmacovigilance-Strategies-Using-Real-World-Data-for-Drug-Safety-Monitoring-and-Management.pdf
A. T. Arigbabu, O. O. Olaniyi, C. S. Adigwe, O. O. Adebiyi, and S. A. Ajayi, “Data governance in AI-enabled healthcare systems: A case of the project nightingale,” Asian J. Res. Comput. Sci., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 85–107, 2024.
Leesi Saturday Komi, Ashiata Yetunde Mustapha, Adelaide Yeboah Forkuo, Damilola Osamika, “A Conceptual Analysis of Mental Health Screening Implementation in Primary Healthcare Settings.” [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=pZekPIgAAAAJ&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=pZekPIgAAAAJ:e5wmG9Sq2KIC
Leesi Saturday Komi, Ashiata Yetunde Mustapha, Adelaide Yeboah Forkuo, Damilola Osamika, “Conceptual Framework for Predictive Analytics in Disease Detection: Insights from Evidence-Based Big Data Analysis.” [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=pZekPIgAAAAJ&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=pZekPIgAAAAJ:bEWYMUwI8FkC
Mariatheresa Chinyeaka, Kelvin -Agwu, Mojeed Omotayo Adelodun, and Geneva Tamunobarafiri Igwama, “(PDF) Enhancing Biomedical Engineering Education: Incorporating Practical Training in Equipment Installation and Maintenance,” ResearchGate. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384638057_Enhancing_Biomedical_Engineering_Education_Incorporating_Practical_Training_in_Equipment_Installation_and_Maintenance
A. Y. Mustapha, S. V. Gbaraba, B. O. Tomoh, A. O. Mbata, and A. Y. Forkuo, “Implementing Sustainable Practices in Radiology Departments to Minimize Environmental and Health Risks”.
S. Bittins, G. Kober, A. Margheri, M. Masi, A. Miladi, and V. Sassone, “Healthcare Data Management by Using Blockchain Technology,” in Applications of Blockchain in Healthcare, vol. 83, S. Namasudra and G. C. Deka, Eds., in Studies in Big Data, vol. 83. , Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021, pp. 1–27. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-9547-9_1.
A. Y. Mustapha et al., “Preventive Health Programs: Collaboration Between Healthcare Providers and Public Health Agencies,” Int. J. Pharma Growth Res. Rev., vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 41–47, 2024.
A. Y. Forkuo, T. V. Nihi, O. O. Ojo, C. N. Nwokedi, and O. S. Soyege, “A conceptual model for geospatial analytics in disease surveillance and epidemiological forecasting.” 1831.
M. C. Kelvin-Agwu, M. O. Adelodun, G. T. Igwama, and E. C. Anyanwu, “Advancements in biomedical device implants: A comprehensive review of current technologies,” Int J Front Med Surg Res, vol. 6, pp. 19–28, 2024.
M. Bloomrosen and D. Detmer, “Advancing the framework: use of health data—a report of a working conference of the American Medical Informatics Association,” J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 715–722, 2008.
L. S. Komi, A. Y. Mustapha, A. Y. Forkuo, and D. Osamika, “Analyzing Health Disparities through Epidemiological Data: A Conceptual Framework for Evidence-Based Solutions,” 2025, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leesi-Komi/publication/391109904_Analyzing_Health_Disparities_through_Epidemiological_Data_A_Conceptual_Framework_for_Evidence-Based_Solutions/links/680a8fc9bfbe974b23b9de3c/Analyzing-Health-Disparities-through-Epidemiological-Data-A-Conceptual-Framework-for-Evidence-Based-Solutions.pdf
R. J. DeRubeis, “The history, current status, and possible future of precision mental health,” Behav. Res. Ther., vol. 123, p. 103506, 2019.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
